这一口诀主要是用来解"填空"题的.我们所遇到的情况更多是题干的句子较长而且关系复杂,如按传统的方法先搞清楚句子内部关系,分辨出句子的基本意思,再找出相应缺少的成分------不但耗时很多,而且把握不大.这里,我们介绍的方法则简便了许多:将具有"独立"意义的句子成分去掉------如果这时主句不缺少成分的化,也不予以考虑------只考虑剩下,不"独立"的成分.这样,关系简单了,正确答案也就容易找到了.而且绝大部分情况下,在"语法"层次-----即不弄懂句义的情况下-----即可选出正确答案.

那么,都有哪些成分时"独立成分"呢?主要有以下几种:

1.副词和不是用作前置定语的分词;

2.不定式,介词,分词,同位语等短语;

3.所有的从句.

这种方式究竟有多大的作用呢?下面我们来看几个例句:

(7) Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites ------ by early humans.

A. occupied

B. occupying

C. which

D. were occupied

如果按照上面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干就应该时这样的:

(Geophysicists have collaborated主句)(with archaeologists and anthropologists介词短语)(to study the magnetic properties不定式短语)(of pottery and fireplaces介词短语)(at sites介词短语)------(by early humans.介词短语)

将这些"独立成分"都去掉后就只剩下"Geophysicists have collaborated".由于题干的主句及其它部分都不缺少成分,作为答案的选项也必须是一个"独立成分".在不考虑词义的情况下,A,B,C3个选项似乎都可以.但是,如果B项可以的话,C也一定可以.反面证明两个选项都不行,答案自然是A了.

(8) During the late fifteenth century, ------ of the native societies fo America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.

A. only a few

B. a few but

C. few, but only

D. a few only

还是按照前面提到的标准去衡量,这个句子的题干部分就会变成下面这样:

(During the late fifteenth century介词短语),-----(of the native societies fo America介词短语)had professions (in the fields介词短语)(of arts and crafts介词短语).

把独立成分去掉后就只剩下"------ had professions".一眼即可看出,句子缺少主语.答案自然就是A了. 

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