段落推断原则考查考生对段落内容的理解，分为两类题型：段落首句推断和段落中句子推断。针对这两种具体题型的原则为：先看首句，如与选项符合即可选择，不必再浪费时间看完整个段落，如首句不能与选项吻合时再将整个段落读完以寻找符合的选项。
straitford president george friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution， a spymasters dream. last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in ukraine.“as soon as that report runs， well suddenly get 500 new internet sign_ups from ukraine，”says friedman， a former political science professor.“and well hear back from some of them.”open_source spying does have its risks， of course， since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. thats where straitford earns its keep.
it can be learned from paragraph 4 that.
but it is hardly inevitable that companies on the web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. the examples of virtual vineyards， amazon.com， and other pioneers show that a web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity， hospitality， and security will attract online customers. and the cost of computing power continues to free fall， which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. people looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.
we learn from the last paragraph that .
[d]setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power[1999年58题]
六、转折/对比原则
议论文和说明文都强调逻辑的严谨性，而转折和对比常常可以用来测试考生在这一方面的阅读理解能力，所以考生对文中的转折和对比关系应高度重视，只要看到标明转折或对比的关系词如but， however等，就应当立即在原文上进行圈点。
一般说来转折后的内容多与上文所表达的意思相反，而对比往往是强调其中的一方。
1.首段的转折/对比
只要首段中出现一对处于对比状况的概念，命题专家通常都会就此设置考题，考生应掌握这一规律，在看到文章首段出现转折对比的内容时，...[
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