七、词汇原则
在历年的考题中，应用复指原则设问的题目较多，此类题目的考点是复指代词或与复指副词作用相同的词。1994年、1995年时此类题目大多是直接问考生文章某句中的“it”或“that”等代词指代什么。近几年此类题目的问法开始转向隐蔽，但无论题目用何种方式设问，考生都应当记住，此类题目的答案的位置必定在复指词的上文中。因此，此类题目的解答只需返回原文，在复指词上方扫描即可找到正确答案。如果按阅读习惯接着读下面的句子或段落，无论看多少遍也找不到答案。 来源：www.examda.com
例
For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.
The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.
Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers .
［A］ to improve their hard life
［B］ in view of their long_distance travel
［C］ to add some flavor to their own daily life
［D］ out of a charitable impulse［1997年57题］
C［正确答案］
八、类比原则
议论文和说明文在论证说明事理的时候均很抽象，为了让读者更形象地理解一些抽象的内容，文章常会采用类比的手法。形象的类比不仅有助于将抽象的道理阐释清楚，更可以让读者加深印象。类比在文中有两种体现方式，一是明喻，即A像B一样；二是暗喻，说A是B，由于暗喻更加隐蔽，近年来命题专家也越来越趋向于在暗喻内容上设问。
例
The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc., like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.
A technologist can be compared to an artist because .(明喻)
［A］ they are both winners of awards
［B］ they are both experts in spatial thinking
［C］ they both abandon verbal description
［D］ they both use various instruments［1996年65题］
B［正确答案］