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类别 |
用法及意户 |
例词 |
例句与说明 |
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实
义
动
词 |
及物动词（vt.） |
表动作或状态，有完整词义，后接宾语，能单独作谓语 |
like, enjoy,
watch, want |
She likes watching TV.
Do you enjoy listening to music? |
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不及物动词(vi.) |
表动作或状态，有完整词义，后接宾语，能单独作谓语 |
rise, come, arrive, happen |
That story happened last year.
When did Tom arrive? |
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连系动词 |
本身有词义，但须与表语一起构成谓语 |
表示“是”，“仍是” |
be, stay, remain |
She remains a teacher. |
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表“变得” |
become, get, grow, fall, go,turn |
It’s getting warm. |
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表“听/看/闻/摸/尝 起来” |
sound / look / smell / feel / taste |
That sounds a good idea.
It tastes delicious. |
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表“似乎”,“好象” |
seem,appear |
He seems all right. |
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助动词 |
本身无意义不单独作谓语 |
谓语动词是单独的行为动词，在一般现在时/过去时的句中帮助构成否定或疑问 |
Do, Does, Did(位于句首构成一般问句) |
Does he speak English?
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn’t.
He doesn’t speak English. |
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don’t / doesn’t / didn’t(位于谓语动词前来表否定) |
Jane didn’t go to school yesterday. |
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与doing连用构成进行时 |
be (not) doing |
She is doing her homework now. |
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与done连用构成被动语态 |
be done |
The tree was planed last year. |
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与done连用构成完成时 |
have / has / had done |
She has gone back. |
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后接动词原形构成将来时 |
will/ shall do |
I shall do it. |
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情态动词 |
本身有意义，但不能单独作谓语，与主要动词原形一起表示说话人的语气，情态，没有人称、数的变化。 |
表“能够” |
can/could(没其他形式)
be able to(有各种时态与形式) |
Jane could swim when she was six.
I’ll be able to speak French next year. |
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表“许可” |
may(较正式)
can(口语) |
You may smoke here.
“can’t”不可以；“may not”不可以 |
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表“请求许可” |
can/could(用于一、二人称)
may/might(用于第一人称) |
Can you help me?
May I help you?=Can I help you? |
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表“可能” |
can/could
may/might(不用于问句) |
“can’t”只用于否定
“may not / might not”不可能 |
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表“必须” |
must
have to(可有各种时态) |
“mustn’t”意为“不可以”，表禁止
“don’t/doesn’t have to”意为“不必” |
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表“应该” |
should,ought to有义务
be supposed to |
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不应该
are not supposed to不应该 |
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表“一定” |
must |
Tom must be late. |
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表“需要” |
need |
作情态动词时常用于否定句，疑问句或条件从句
作行为动词时，常用于肯定句 |
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表“敢”
表“请求指示” |
dare
shall I / we / he…？ |
—“Shall I open the door”?
—“Sure,please.”
Where shall we meet? |
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表“向对方提出请求” |
Will / Would you please? |
—“Will you please open the door?”
—“Sure.” |
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询问对方的意思 |
Would you like to…? |
—“Would you like to try one more.”
—“No,thank you.” |
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表说话人的意愿 |
shall |
You shall be back at ten。 |
|
“命令、允诺、强制”等，用于二、三人称 |
He shall obey the rules. |
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表“意愿”，用于各人称 |
will/would |
I will answer the phone. |
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表“过去常常习惯于” |
used to |
过去曾有的动作/状态；过去的习惯，此时相当于would；表次数时不用。 |
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would |
表过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状语；表过去的次数时不用。 |
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表“祝愿” |
may |
May you succeed. |
