(四)数词
1. 数词分类：
|
分类 |
在句中充当的成分 |
例词 |
|
基数词 |
主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语 |
one, eleven, fifty |
|
序数词 |
主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语 |
second, eighth, fortieth |
2．基数词的构成及用法：
|
类型 |
构成方法 |
例词 |
|
1-12 |
单独的词 |
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve |
|
13-19 |
在3-9的词尾加上“-teen” |
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen |
|
20,30,40-90 |
以“-ty”结尾 |
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety |
|
100,1000,1000,000,
1000 000 000, |
百，千，百万，十亿都有具体量词 |
one/a hundred, one/a thousand,
one/a million, one/a billion |
|
21-99 |
“几十”和“个位”之间用连字符“-” |
twenty-three,forty-eight |
|
101-999 |
“百位”后“十位”前加“and” |
826: eight hundred and twenty-six |
|
1,000以上 |
先从右向左每三位数加一逗号，从右向左第一个逗号为thousand,第二个为million,第三个为billion,然后每三位为一单位从左向右读。 |
1，234，567，892: one billion, two hundred thirty-four million, five hundred sixty-seven thousand eight hund red and ninety-two |
3.序数词的构成：
|
类 型 |
构成特点 |
例词及缩写式 |
|
one, two, three |
单独记忆 |
first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd) |
|
four～nineteen |
在基数词尾加-th |
fifth (5th), ninth (9th), twelfth (12th) |
|
-ty结尾的词 |
把y→ie，在基数词尾加-th |
twentieth (20th), fiftieth (50th), fortieth (40th) |
|
以1～9结尾的多位数 |
变个位数为序数词即可 |
twenty-first (21st), ninety-ninth (99th) |
|
hundred, thousand, million, billion |
在基数词尾加-th即可 |
hundredth (100th) thousandth (1,000th) millionth
(1,000,000th) billionth (1,000,000,000th) |
4.序数词的用法：
|
序号 |
用法特点 |
举 例 |
|
1 |
前面要加the |
He’s always the first to get to meeting-room. |
|
2 |
前面用a/an表“又一，再一” |
He’d better try a fourth time. |
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