第二节 冠 词（1-4~2-2）
大纲要求：
1、不定冠词的基本用法
2、定冠词的基本用法
3、不加冠词的基本规则以及冠词的习惯用法
冠词是一种虚词，只能附着在名词上帮助说明名词的含义。
冠词分为定冠词（the）和不冠词（a或an）两类，定冠词表示特指，不定冠词表示泛指。
a用于读音以辅音开头的词前面，an用于读音以元音开头的词前面。
如：a university， a useful book， an umbrella， a horse， an honest man.
一、不定冠词的基本用法
1.表示“一”的含义。
Give me a pen please.
We go shopping twice a week.
2.泛指某个人或东西。
Yesterday we visited an English secondary school.
She picked up a magazine and began to read.
3.表示一类人或东西。
He works as a language teacher in that university.
As a writer， he is successful.
Even a child can answer this question.
可数名词单数出现，泛指用不定冠词，特指用定冠词。一个可数名词的单数不能自己单独出现。
二、定冠词的基本用法
1.表示特定的人或东西。
Give me the magazine.
Have you decided on the prices yet？
The book on the table is an English dictionary.
Beijing is the capital of China.
2.复述前文提到的人或东西。
Last week， I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people.
The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing.
3.用于形容词前面，代表一类人或东西。
the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受伤的人
the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 the old 老年人
the young 年青人
4.用于表示世界上独一无二的东西的名词前面。
the moon， the sun， the earth
The moon moves aroud the earth.
We have friends all over the world.
Don't build castles in the air.
5.用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的最高级前面，副词最高级前面的the 可以省略。
January is the first month of the year.
The sun rises in the east.
Japan lies to the east of China.
Beijing lies in the north of China.
Ireland lies on the Great Britain.
At the Children's Palace， some children learn to play the piano， others learn to play the violin.
Last week we went to the theatre.
Among the three girls she speaks English the best.
“东、南、西、北”作副词时，前面不加冠词。
We are walking south.
形容词最高级前若有物主代词，就不加定冠词。
Monday is my busiest day.
6.用于姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。
The Lius have moved to Guangzhou.
The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.
7.不可数名词前面通常不加定冠词，但若有限制性定语修饰，或表示特定部分、特定内容时，前面需加定冠词。
Drink some water.
Is the water in the well fit for drink？
What do you think of the music？
He can't take the advice his mother gives him.
