6．　因果分析法(cause and effect )
　　在阐述某一现象的段落中，常采用因果分析法。例如：
　　The role of women in today's society is changing. One reason is that women have begun to assert themselves as independent people through the women's movement. Also, women are aware of the alternatives to staying at home. Another reason is that increasing numbers of women who enter new fields and interests serve as role models for other women. Moreover, men are becoming more conscious of the abilities of women and have begun to view their independence positively.
　　本段中，主题句提出了一种社会现象，推展句则对产生这种现象的原因作出各种解释。 常用于因果分析法的连接词有：because, so, as a result等。
7． 定义法(definition)
　　在科普文章的写作中，定义法是必不可少的。通过下定义，可以使读者对该事物有一个更直接的认识。
　　Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automation operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the "Second Industrial Revolution".
　　这一段文字使我们了解了 ＂automation＂ 和 ＂Second Industrial Revolution＂ 两个概念，分别由 ＂refers to" 和"been called＂ 引出。
　　常出现在定义法中的词语有：refer to , mean, call等。
8. 重复法(repetition)
　　句子的一部分反复出现在段落中，这就是重复法。它往往造成一种步步紧逼的气氛，使文章结构紧凑，有感染力。比如：
　　Since that time, which is far enough away from now, I have often thought that few people know what secrecy there is in the young, under terror. I was in mortal terror of the young man who wanted my heart and liver; I was in mortal terror of my interlocutor with the iron leg; I was in mortal terror of myself, from whom an awful promise had been extracted;---
　　该段中反复应用了I was in motal terror of …我经常处于恐怖之中。
　　以上， 我们结合具体文章讨论了展开段落的几种方法。在实际写作中，我们往往不必拘泥于一种写作方法，而是将若干方法穿插在一起，使文章有声有色。
二、结尾段
　　我们知道文章的开头很重要，因为好的开头可以吸引读者、抓住读者的注意力。同样，文章的结尾也很重要，好的结尾会使读者对全文的中心思想留下深刻的印象，可以增添文章的效果和说服力，让人深思，回味无穷。确切地说，结尾的作用就是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使读者加深印象；有时也用于展望未来，提出今后方向或令人深思的问题给读者留下回味和思考的余地。
　　但是，如何才能写好英文短文的结尾呢?下面就介绍几种写结尾段最常用的方法：
　　1．重复中心思想 回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到再次肯定和强调的效果。
　　(例1)A sense of humor is really one of the keys to happiness. It gives zest to life to make
　　　　 it worth living.
　　(例2)With all these benefits, it is no wonder that sports and games have now become
　　　　　more popular with people than ever.
　　2．作出结论 文章最后用几句话概括全文内容，并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的观点。
　　(例1)In conclusion, a good teacher-student relationship can be mutual beneficial. The students gain knowledge eagerly and enjoyably, and the teacher gains satisfaction from his job.
　　(例2)On the whole there are more advantages than disadvantages in the use of TV. Yet different people may have different attitude toward TV. But we must realize that television in itself is neither good nor bad. Its value to people and society depends on how we look at it.
3．应用引语 用格言、谚语或习语总结全文，既言简意赅又有更强的说服力。
　　
(例1) If you have anything to do, try to do it yourself, for that is the safest way to
permanent success. Remember the famous saying. "Heaven helps those who help themselves."
(例2)If we stick to studies day after day, there is nothing that can't be achieved. As an old saying goes: "Constant dropping of water wears away a stone."
4．用反问结尾 虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，具有明显的强调作用，引起读者思考。
(例1)Therefore, listening skills must be consciously improved. Since it is such an important means of learning and communication, why should we not develop this ability as far as possible?
(例2)So，what can we benefit from wealth if we do not have health?
5．提出展望或期望 表示对将来的展望或期待读者投入行动。
(例1)I am sure that Chinese will become one of the most important languages in the world in the next century. As China will open further to the outside world the language is sure to be spread world widely.
(例2) If everyone has developed good manners, people will form a more harmonious relation. If everyone behaves considerately towards others and social ethics people will live in a better world. With the general mood of society improved, there will be a progress of civilization.
　　以上介绍了几种写结尾段最常用的方法，但到底选择何种方法结尾还得根据文体来决定。平铺直叙的记叙文，往往在故事或事实情节讲完时文章也就自然结束了，而说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文都应有一个正式的结尾。希望以上介绍的几种方法能对大家写好结尾有所帮助。